(This is an archived page, from the Patterns of Power Edition 3 book. Current versions are at book contents).
Dictators justify their seizure of power by declaring a need for change; examples include:
· Military coups often claim a need to restore stability. Beverly Milton-Edwards, in her paper Iraq, past, present and future: a thoroughly-modern mandate? , described such a pattern in Iraq for example:
“endemic popular discontent, chronic political instability and repeated military coups, only brought to an end by the accession to power of Saddam Hussein in 1979”.
· Some coups d'état are justified by economic dissatisfaction and claims that the current incumbent is performing badly. For example, an LSE paper, Guarding the State or Protecting the Economy?: The Economic Factors of Pakistan's Military Coups, concluded that there was a correlation between low economic growth rates and the incidence of military coups in Pakistan in 1958, 1965, 1977 and 1999.
· Nationalist struggles, like those which expelled the colonial powers in Africa, are waged in the name of freedom.
Max Weber, in paragraph 9 of his lecture Politics as a Vocation, referred to "'charismatic' domination" by a dictator whose legitimacy is granted by virtue of people's respect for the leader and enthusiasm for the cause – though a new government then has to install institutions to become a relatively stable one-party State as described previously (6.3.1.2). Continued legitimacy depends upon being seen to govern in the interests of the people.
It is difficult for a dictatorship to achieve a smooth handover of power at the end of the leader's term of office. A coup d'état has been the solution in many cases, but that can lead to violence. The best hope is for a peaceful transition to an elected presidency.