(This is an archived page, from the Patterns of Power Edition 3 book. Current versions are at book contents).
Financial markets are an example of supply and demand: the demand for loans competes for the supply of credit. Lenders supply borrowers with money at a price – an interest rate – that both are prepared to accept. People and governments tend to borrow more if interest rates are low, and lenders can charge a higher rate of interest if the money supply is tight.
There are several differences, though, between financial markets and the supply and demand for labour or for goods and services:
· Risk, of loans not being repaid, is a major factor (3.3.4.1).
· Banks act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers; they have become large and exploitative (3.3.4.2).
· Financial markets are destabilised by price bubbles, such as that in the American housing market in 2007 (3.3.4.3).
· Regulation needs to be changed, to prevent the need for taxpayers to have to ‘bail-out’ banks (3.3.4.4).
· Financial markets are asymmetrical: the lender has more power than the borrower (3.3.4.5).
· Inflation and fluctuations in currency exchange rates can affect the value of loan repayments (3.3.4.6).