(This is an archived page, from the Patterns of Power Edition 3 book. Current versions are at book contents).
It is assumed here that almost everyone in a society would see some governance and public services as being necessary, but that opinions will differ about their scope (2.2). John Rawls, in A Theory of Justice, acknowledged that a society cannot choose how to govern itself in an actual negotiation between everybody involved, but he argued that:
“… a society satisfying the principles of justice as fairness comes as close as a society can to being a voluntary scheme, for it meets the principles which free and equal persons would assent to under circumstances that are fair”. [Chapter 1, section 3]
This might be called a ‘contractarian’ belief in the value for a society of defining and complying with an agreed form of governance, following in a tradition from Thomas Hobbes onwards, as described in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on ‘contractarianism’. That word is problematic, though, and the words used in this book are ‘acceptable’ and ‘negotiable’. Recognising the impracticality of everyone in a society negotiating a contract between them, this book examines the more feasible concept of 'negotiability' – as described below (2.4).
Life in a society entirely without governance would be, as vividly described by Thomas Hobbes in chapter 13 of his book Leviathan, "nasty, brutish and short". In practice each society establishes a set of power relationships for a point in time, but these never satisfy everybody and they continue to evolve. In a society that at least meets the minimum standard for acceptability, people can maintain stability by complying with the current arrangements – even while they are negotiating to change them.
© PatternsofPower.org, 2014